The Fall of the Western Roman Empire - 1269 Words

The fall of the Western Roman Empire in the late fifth century plunged Europe into a long period of darkness and barbarism. This era until the dawn of the ‘age of discovery’ in the sixteenth century was later termed to be the ‘Middle Ages’. While this epoch of European history is labeled as ‘middle’ or even ‘dark’, it was during this time that many social, political and cultural developments took place. The obliteration of the great Roman Empire left Europe prey for disunity and continuous foreign invasion and migration. From Scotland to the alps of Sicily a prayer emerged in the ninth century, â€Å"Save us, O God, from the violence of the Northmen†. Now known as Vikings, these northmen were pagan Germanic people from Norway, Sweden and Denmark that often went on raids and harassed isolated monasteries and villages throughout the continent. Similarly peoples known as Magyars from central Europe looted settlements took c aptives and forced leaders to pay tribute to prevent further attacks. Muslims from North Africa already ruled most of Spain and continued northward towards central Italy and southern France. The expansion of Islam continued on into the tenth and eleven centuries during the times of the Fatimid Caliphate and the Seljuk Turks. The centuries before the first crusade were one of terror and chaos from a European or Christian perspective. People were frightened that their world was slowly coming to an end, overrun by pagans and Muslims. This fear combined withShow MoreRelatedThe Fall Of The Western Roman Empire923 Words   |  4 PagesAfter the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 C.E., centralized government in Western Europe began to collapse. As a result, central authority was unable to perform its duties and rule over the land. The people frantically looked for a political system to protect themselves, some form of security, especially after the split of Charlemagne’s emp ire and the invaders that threatened Europe from all directions. The result was the rise of feudalism, a system established on â€Å"oaths of loyalty† betweenRead MoreThe Fall Of The Western Roman Empire1352 Words   |  6 PagesAfter the fall of the Western Roman empire in 476 CE the European continent found itself dragged into a very chaotic period. This period known as the dark ages would see numerous kingdoms rise and fall. The constant shifting of territories and fealties made it very difficult for the culture and technologies of the roman age to remain intact. During this period survival of body over ruled the survival of the mind. In 742 CE a boy was born into the Frank kingdom located in what would become modernRead MoreThe Fall Of The Western Roman Empire833 Words   |  4 Pagesof North Africa, and areas of Asia. Its army is arguably the longest surviving and most effective fighting force in military history. Every empire has to terminate and Rome disassembled rat her swiftly. The fall of the empire is mentioned in virtually every type of informative media including books and television networks. The fall of the Western Roman Empire was caused by the lack of monetary funds, the formation and following of a new religion, and an increasingly forlorn and debilitated army. Read MoreFall Of The Western Roman Empire2111 Words   |  9 PagesWill Calderone Professor Chiekova HIS 108 12/8/14 The Fall of the Western Roman Empire The fall of the Roman Empire in the west can be seen as one of the most significant events in historical narrative. This event traditionally marks the transition between the end of Classical Antiquity and the beginning of the European civilization beginning with the Middle Ages. This specific topic is often investigated and debated, and the question of â€Å"why† has certainly kept historians and audiences alike captivatedRead MoreChristianity And The Fall Of The Western Roman Empire1349 Words   |  6 Pagesand the fall of the Western Roman Empire as it related to theatre but I was intrigued to learn more. It didn’t seem sensible that the fall of the Western Empire would be placed, even a little, on the rise of Christianity during that time. It didn’t seem sensible for two reasons. The first reason is that Jesus Christ, in whom the Christians believed, had been born, lived, and crucified over 400 years before the Empire fell. His lifetime spanned only until the second emperor of the Roman Empire, beforeRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire950 Words   |  4 PagesThe Roman Empire was undoubtedly the most powerful Empire the Mediterranean area had ever seen. However, the inevitable Roman Empire was destined to fall after the series of problems that made the once prominent empire fade away. Rome was easily the center of the world at its time and the idea that such an influential empire would eventually fall was unheard of. The Roman Empire was not built in a day; therefore it was not destroyed in one day. The powerful empire declined for many reasons, but theRead MoreEssay on The Fall of the Roman Empire1078 Words   |  5 PagesFall of the Roman Empire Name: Institution: â€Æ' Fall of the Roman Empire Introduction The Roman Empire faced many problems in the third century. Many of these problems came within the empire and other forces that were outside the empire. The only thing that seemed to aid in the holding of this great empire was drastic economic, political, and military reforms, which looked as essential elements that would prevent the collapse of the empire. Large groups of historians come to terms with the idea thatRead MoreFall of the Roman Empire1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe Pax Romana was a two hundred year time period where the Romans had peace and prosperity under Augustus. The Roman empire started to decline at the end of the prevail of the last five emperors, Marcus Aurelius in 161-180 A.D. The rulers in the next century had no idea how to deal with the problems the empire was having. There was many reasons to the fall of the Roman Empire but three stood out the most. The preliminary reason was the economy begins to decline. The alternative reasoning was RomeRead MoreThe Roman Empire: What Went Wrong?1253 Words   |  6 Pages300I The Roman Empire: What went wrong? Rome was founded as a small farming town in 753 BC. It grew to a vast empire that enveloped the whole Mediterranean Sea. It spanned from the western shores of what is now Portugal, to as far as the modern day Persian Gulf to the east. It remained as the world’s largest and most powerful empire in the ancient world for about 1100 years. But by 476 AD, the stress of war and the multiple sackings of Rome proved too much for the once mighty empire. There haveRead MoreFall of the Roman Empire758 Words   |  4 PagesHorsley HIS 126 3 March 2010 The fall of the Roman Empire Political, economic and social aspects were all involved in the fall of the Roman Empire. In 395 A.D., Rome was divided into two empires, with one capital in Rome and the other in Constantinople. During that time, the western Roman Empire was being invaded by barbarian tribes from the North. In 410, the Visigoth tribe succeeded in conquering the western capital in Rome. In 476, the western Emperor Romulus Augustulus was finally overthrown

Kirsten Spears. Mrs. Hohl/4. English 112. Classical Argument.

Kirsten Spears Mrs. Hohl/4 English 112 Classical Argument 9 March 2017 Sex Education: Is Abstinence Really the Only Option? Sex education for American youth has been a topic of discussion across the nation since the early 1980s. Teen pregnancies and sexually transmitted disease are two major problems throughout the U.S.. Sexually transmitted infections have been an ongoing problem for American people since World War I. To combat the growing teen pregnancy and STI rates, the U.S. established organized sex education. Since sex education has been integrated in schools across the nation, it has been heavily influenced by religion. The federal government has funded abstinence-only education programs for over a quarter century. Abstinence-only†¦show more content†¦Studies have also shown that abstinence-focused programs have failed to reduce STI rates. The American Sexual Health Association states, â€Å"More than half of all people will have an STD/STI at some point in their lifetime,† (â€Å"Statistics†). Comprehensive sex education w ould teach teenagers how to improve their sexual health, prevent unwanted pregnancies, and prevent sexually transmitted diseases and infections. Providing students with this information does not encourage them to participate in sexual activity sooner. Several findings show that, â€Å"[Comprehensive sex education] effectively promotes abstinence and may delay sexual debut, reduce sexual frequency, reduce the number of sexual partners, reduce STI risk, and increase the likelihood of consistent contraceptive use,† (Jeffries 173). Comprehensive sex education will be beneficial to students by teaching them how to have sexual intercourse safely, if they choose to not remain abstinent. As previously stated, abstinence-only sex education courses do not discuss birth control options unless to emphasize their failure to prevent pregnancies or sexually transmitted diseases or infections. Some abstinence-only lessons include inaccurate medical information, typically connected to the fai lure rates of contraception and protection. These classes also tend to blur religion and science. Some common

Hospitality Marketing Of Lakeview Paradise-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Tourism and Hospitality Marketing Of Lakeview Paradise. Answer: Introduction Tourism and hospitality industry is rapidly evolving in the new era of technology and technological integration. In todays era, the industry seems to be going through a period of transition despite forecasts showing economic obscurity (Kim et al., 2015). Apart from that, people around the globe have displayed increased inclination towards traveling. According to many reports, tourism industry in todays world is the considered the fastest growing industry. It is therefore common that products and services associated with the industry are employing advanced marketing techniques. The essay provides a detailed overview of the marketing concept in terms of tourism and hospitality industry. Then, it will provide an overview of the organization chosen for the purpose, which is Lakeview Paradise in Queenstown, New Zealand. The essay will further give details about the ways to market the services of the organization. It will then explain the factors that affect marketing in this industry and the factors explaining marketing strategy. Marketing concept within tourism and hospitality industry As mentioned already, tourism and hospitality industry have rapidly evolved due to the advance in technology and technological integration (Hopkins, 2015). Therefore, the concept of marketing that was previously confined to industries like fashion and so on has penetrated into the tourism industry as well. Marketing within this industry provides unique challenges to the marketers, as they are required to sell services instead of goods. It is well-known to marketing experts that selling goods and selling services and memories have a huge demarcation. Kandampully, Zhang and Bilgihan (2015) explain the concept of marketing within this industry by stating that hospitality involves selling of both intangible and tangible services. Strategies for marketing the tangible services are easier but preparing strategies for selling intangible services involve thorough and extensive research. Lakeview Paradise, the holiday home, situates itself in Queenstown, New Zealand. It provides a garden and a terrace. The holiday home also provides free Wi-Fi. Lakeview has its name from the fact that visitors could have a direct view of the nearby lake and mountain from the terrace. This stand-alone holiday home provides five bedrooms with two living areas and two bathrooms. In addition, the holiday home has a fully equipped kitchen, washing machine and free toiletries for the guests. Overview of the organization Lakeview Paradise is located in close proximity to the Skyline Gondola and Luge at only 2.9 kilometers in distance. It has good transportations facility as well with Queenstown Airport being only nine kilometers away. It ranks amongst the best places to visit in New Zealand. The products and services offered by Lakeview Paradise have already been partially mentioned in the previous section. Apart from that, the holiday home has barbeque facilities and laundry services as well. The holiday home has not been marketed properly and hence very few tourists know about it. The unique selling point of Lakeview Paradise is however, the ultimate serenity it offers to the residents. In addition, the holiday home has the advantage of being located in an area that has close proximity to historical places of New Zealand especially Lake Wakatipu. Marketing of the services In order to provide a good marketing to Lakeview, it is important to understand first, the demographics and the target market (Weaver, 2015). New Zealand is closest to Australia that shelters one of the best resorts and hotels in the world and hence it hosts innumerable tourists from around the world. Targeting this market initially would be a better strategy for Lakeview to commence. The first thing that has to be done to market the USP of Lakeview is to promote it through advertisements in print and broadcast media. However, that would require the management to invest heavily. In this case, the management should utilize the social media effectively. A Facebook page dedicated entirely to Lakeview should be opened where images and videos showing the Wakatipu Lake and the nearby mountains could be posted. As the second step, Lakeview should make use of its proximity to Skyline Gondola by collaborating with it in dual promotion. The customers visiting the restaurant can be distributed ad pamphlets of Lakeview Paradise at the restaurant. Factors affecting marketing The marketing strategy cannot succeed without analyzing the marketing environment. In order to make the strategy work better, PEST analysis would serve as a good technique. PESTLE political, economic, social and technological provides an overall analysis of the external environment that might affect a company or an organization. Political factor New Zealand does not have strict regulatory rules that could hinder any business and hence, it would not cause any hindrance to the promotion of Lakeview Paradise (Sun, Zhang Ryan, 2015). Economic In terms of economy, New Zealand is heavily dependent on trading relations with other countries. This makes the countrys economy weaker in comparison to the neighboring countries (Peters, Hamilton Eames, 2015). This might prove a hindrance to the marketing of Lakeview Paradise, as it would require a strong financial support. Social New Zealand is home to a variety of culture and this proves both a hindrance and opportunity for the tourism and hospitality industry (Nzherald.co.nz, 2018). The constant but subtle conflict between the mainstream New Zealanders and the Indigenous people often causes loss to businesses. Technological The increase in the use of technology by tourists around the world make it possible for hotels and holiday homes to expand their business (Leung, Bai Stahura, 2015). Factors explaining marketing strategy In their book titled Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism, Kotler et al. (2016) explain the need for marketing in tourism and hospitality. The authors highlight the various factors that work together to produce a solid marketing plan for the concerned industry. They mention that each hospitality department plays a crucial role in promoting the company. Prior to preparing the marketing strategy, it is important to analyze the consumer behavior. Consumer behavior refers to the buying behavior of consumers involving decisions before and after buying the service, activities and so on (Cohen, Prayag Moital, 2014). Management of Lakeview Paradise must understand the changing needs of consumers in the modern world. Marketing campaign is a factor that might influence or help the consumer buys the service of Lakeview Paradise. Advertisement plays an important role in influencing the buying behavior of the consumer. Economic condition is another factor on which the buying decision of consumer depends. A consumer makes buying decision based on the limit of his or her budget and the economic environment of the concerned country. Consumers personal preferences also influence their buying decision. The morals, values, likes, dislikes and priorities define the buying decision of consumers. In case of Lakeview Paradise, the management can target the local New Zealanders initially as they would know the buying decisions of the people. As Kotler et al. (2016) mention, the marketing strategy must be customer-driven creating value for the customer. The purchasing capacity of consumers also plays an important role in influencing the buying decision. Consumers generally evaluate their purchasing power prior to the buying decision (Kandampully, Zhang Bilgihan, 2015). Utilizing the power of social media as a tool for marketing strategy will help Lakeview Paradise in assisting the consumers buying behavior. Kotler et al. (2016) in their book have mentioned the importance of managing customer information in order to achieve customer insights. In the contemporary age, collecting customer information has become easier for companies as the social media has emerged rapidly in recent years. Knowledge management is the term that is used to explain this phenomenon (Orchiston Higham, 2016). With the integration of technology, consumers now have the power to choose the services of their choice through one click in their smart phones. Business too have benefitted greatly from this (Schuckert, Liu Law, 2015). Lakeview Paradise can utilize this opportunity by advertising in social media or by creating a personal app for the consumers to view and interact with the management for a better experience. Conclusion It thus can be stated that marketing in the tourism and hospitality industry has evolved remarkably over the past few decades. The tangible and intangible services and products offered by the industry are now marketed through proper channels. Previously, the tourism and hospitality industry had limited scope in terms of attracting consumers through proper marketing but now the scenario has changed. With the use of modern technologies like mobile applications and social media platforms, hotels, resorts, holiday homes and other such tourism and hospitality companies connect with possible consumers directly. The essay provided a detailed analysis of the concept of marketing within the said industry. Lakeview Paradise, Queenstown, a holiday home in New Zealand was chosen for explaining marketing concept in the hospitality and tourism industry. The essay presented an external environmental analysis of the chosen company as factors that may help or hinder the marketing strategy. Consumer b ehavior was also explained to provide an understanding of the factors that assist buyer decision in buying the services References: Cohen, S. A., Prayag, G., Moital, M. (2014). Consumer behaviour in tourism: Concepts, influences and opportunities.Current Issues in Tourism,17(10), 872-909. Hopkins, D. (2015). Applying a comprehensive contextual climate change vulnerability framework to New Zealands tourism industry.Ambio,44(2), 110-120. Kandampully, J., Zhang, T., Bilgihan, A. (2015). Customer loyalty: a review and future directions with a special focus on the hospitality industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,27(3), 379-414. Kim, M. J., Chung, N., Lee, C. K., Preis, M. W. (2015). Motivations and use context in mobile tourism shopping: Applying contingency and tasktechnology fit theories.International Journal of Tourism Research,17(1), 13-24. Kotler, P., Bowen, J., Makens, J., Baloglu, S. (2016).Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism(7th ed.). Pearson. Leung, X. Y., Bai, B., Stahura, K. A. (2015). The marketing effectiveness of social media in the hotel industry: A comparison of Facebook and Twitter.Journal of Hospitality Tourism Research,39(2), 147-169. Nzherald.co.nz. (2018).Growing appetite for eating out and tourism fuel hospitality surge.NZ Herald. Retrieved 24 April 2018, from https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3objectid=12038599 Orchiston, C., Higham, J. E. S. (2016). Knowledge management and tourism recovery (de) marketing: the Christchurch earthquakes 20102011.Current Issues in Tourism,19(1), 64-84. Peters, M. A., Hamilton, D., Eames, C. (2015). Action on the ground: a review of community environmental groups restoration objectives, activities and partnerships in New Zealand.New Zealand Journal of Ecology,39(2), 179-189. Schuckert, M., Liu, X., Law, R. (2015). Hospitality and tourism online reviews: Recent trends and future directions.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,32(5), 608-621. Sun, M., Zhang, X., Ryan, C. (2015). Perceiving tourist destination landscapes through Chinese eyes: The case of South Island, New Zealand.Tourism Management,46, 582-595. Weaver, A. (2015). Target markets as working archetypes: Classifying consumers at Tourism New Zealand.Journal of Vacation Marketing,21(2), 163-174.

Mel Gibson as Hamlet Essay Example

Mel Gibson as Hamlet Paper Hamlet, one of the most discussed plays from the Shakespearean canon, has generated more film adaptations than any other Shakespeare play. The two film productions under discussion are those of Laurence Olivier (1948) and Franco Zeffirelli (1990). It is important to note that all of Shakespeares plays were created especially for the stage. Laurence Olivier states that, allowing for the distinction between the two media, the same problems remain, of reducing the length, elucidating the plot, unravelling irrelevancies, and relating the result to the audience. 1. These problems are evident when adapting a text from the stage to the screen. In addition, there are further discrepancies as film language adds its own dimension by offering wider interpretations to the audience. It can be argued that the original meaning of the text is diminished, as no text can be a copy of the original. Oliviers version of Hamlet is kept down to 155 minutes, and in the process of reducing the length of the play it also loses more than half of Shakespeares lines. 2 In stating this, it is significant that in his intentions, Olivier concludes that his version Hamlet should be regarded as an essay in Hamlet. We will write a custom essay sample on Mel Gibson as Hamlet specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Mel Gibson as Hamlet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Mel Gibson as Hamlet specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer 3 Like Olivier, Zeffirellis version lasts only 129 minutes, and only contains thirty percent of the lines. It is important to note that Zeffirelli is influenced by Oliviers version of Hamlet, and has shifted scenes in his Hamlet to match Oliviers because of his longstanding admiration for Olivier. 4 The scene under examination is that of Ophelias death, which narrated in Act Four Scene Seven in Shakespeares play. In the play Hamlet, the audience does not witness the death of Ophelia. Gertrude narrates this scene. In the case of both Olivier and Zeffirelli, Ophelias death becomes a visual aspect, which gives the play an additional focus point. At this point, it is important to note that Ophelia is one of only two women in Hamlet, the other being Gertrude. Most academic works engage in discussion about Hamlet and it can be speculated that the roles of the women in Hamlet have been ignored. This is said to be the case when dealing with most of Shakespeares texts. Both films deal with the female characters in different ways, offering different interpretations of Shakespeares text. These varying interpretations are offered through tools such as mise en scene, casting, lighting, and editing. The mise en scene provides the film with a setting, which works to evoke a certain atmosphere. Kliman argues that Oliviers Hamlet intertwines aspects from film and theatre, and can be said to be functioning against the inherent naturalism of film. 5 Those who are familiar with Shakespeare are able to establish links between the setting of the film and that of the stage. Oliviers Hamlet is able to convey a feeling of claustrophobia because of the set, which is dominated by staircases and closed spaces. 6 This indication enables the audience to assume that this film is not a comedy, but a tragedy. These closed, claustrophobic spaces are emphasised as being inside the castle, portraying that there is more tragedy to the film than what meets the eye. The visual language in Zeffirellis film version works to highlight dramatic themes and issues. He uses cinematic techniques such as colour tinting, which plays with the idea of emphasising one of two colours, so that a particular mood can be associated to the scene in question. 7 This may involve a scene, which is picturised in either the interior or the exterior of the castle. Particular areas are normally associated with certain characters. This is true when considering Ophelia, who is often seen in pastoral settings rather than within the uncomfortable setting of the castle. The casting of both films poses questions about Hamlet and the representation of the characters. When Olivier played the role of Hamlet, he was forty years old. Eileen Herlie, who plays Gertrude, was twenty-seven years old but looks a lot older. Jean Simmons, who was only sixteen years old, plays the character of Ophelia. Cartmell (1997) observes that she is more like Hamlets daughter than his future wife.

Free Essays on Sistine Chapel

The chapel was built between 1475 and 1483, in the time of Pope Sixtus IV della Rovere. A basic feature of the chapel itself, so obvious that it is sometimes ignored, is the papal function, as the pope's chapel and the location of the elections of new popes. Furthermore, the building was in some respects a personal monument to the Della Rovere family, since Sixtus IV saw to its actual construction and the frescoes beneath the vaults, and his nephew Julius II commissioned the ceiling decoration. Oak leaves and acorns abound, heraldic symbols of the family whose name means literally "from the oak." The Chapel is rectangular in shape and measures 40,93 meters long by 13,41 meters wide, i.e. the exact dimensions of the Temple of Solomon, as given in the Old Testament. It is 20,70 meters high and is surmounted by a shallow barrel vault with six tall windows cut into the long sides, forming a series of pendentives between them. A marble mosaic floor of exquisite workmanship describes the processional itinerary up to and beyond the marble screen, to the innermost space, where it offers a surround for the papal throne and the cardinals' seats. The architectural plans were made by Baccio Pontelli and the construction was supervised by Giovanino de'Dolci. The walls are divided into three orders by horizontal cornices; according to the decorative program, the lower of the three orders was to be painted with fictive "tapestries," the central one with two facing cycles - one relating the life of Moses (left wall) and the other the Life of Christ (right wall), starting from the end wall, where the altar fresco, painted by Perugino, depicted the Virgin of the Assumption, to whom the chapel was dedicated. The upper order is endowed with pilasters that support the pendentives of the vault. Above the upper cornice are situated the lunettes. Between each window below the lunettes, in fictive niches, run images of the first popes - from Peter to Marc... Free Essays on Sistine Chapel Free Essays on Sistine Chapel The Sistine Chapel was built in 1473 under Pope Sixtus. It is most famous for it’s beautiful decorations and artwork. There are different colored marble floor mosaics, which are well known, but the paintings on the walls and ceilings are the chapel’s most famous feature. Frescoes by many artists cover the walls depicting scenes from the lives of Moses and Christ. However the most famous achievements in the chapel are the artwork of Michelangelo. Across the ceilings he painted nine episodes from genesis that are representations of the stages of creation and man’s temptation and fall. Below these scenes are the scenes of figures and prophets with episodes from the Old Testament, all designed for the salvation of Christianity. The last great work in the chapel was Michelangelo’s Last Judgment on the altar wall. Over the following years the wall accumulated soot and animal glues from previous restorers. By 1980 cleaning and restoration of Michelangelo’s frescoes began. Before beginning the restoration, computers were used to map every single inch of the 2,732-square-foot ceiling. A huge movable scaffold was used to test the areas, much like the one Michelangelo used while painting. After all the testing was done, full restorations were in progress. The dull, dark ceilings of the Sistine chapel no longer exist. The vivid colors provide a new way of looking at Michelangelo’s work. It took restorers a total of fourteen years (from 1981 to 1995) to remove the centuries’ worth of grime and decay. The restoration of the chapel is often called the restoration of the century. But it was followed by much controversy. After restoration was completed many people argued and were upset, saying that the restorers had distorted and destroyed all of the frescoes. Some people even said that it has been ruined. They complained that Michelangelo had used a second coat of paint to soften the colors and that the restorer... Free Essays on Sistine Chapel The chapel was built between 1475 and 1483, in the time of Pope Sixtus IV della Rovere. A basic feature of the chapel itself, so obvious that it is sometimes ignored, is the papal function, as the pope's chapel and the location of the elections of new popes. Furthermore, the building was in some respects a personal monument to the Della Rovere family, since Sixtus IV saw to its actual construction and the frescoes beneath the vaults, and his nephew Julius II commissioned the ceiling decoration. Oak leaves and acorns abound, heraldic symbols of the family whose name means literally "from the oak." The Chapel is rectangular in shape and measures 40,93 meters long by 13,41 meters wide, i.e. the exact dimensions of the Temple of Solomon, as given in the Old Testament. It is 20,70 meters high and is surmounted by a shallow barrel vault with six tall windows cut into the long sides, forming a series of pendentives between them. A marble mosaic floor of exquisite workmanship describes the processional itinerary up to and beyond the marble screen, to the innermost space, where it offers a surround for the papal throne and the cardinals' seats. The architectural plans were made by Baccio Pontelli and the construction was supervised by Giovanino de'Dolci. The walls are divided into three orders by horizontal cornices; according to the decorative program, the lower of the three orders was to be painted with fictive "tapestries," the central one with two facing cycles - one relating the life of Moses (left wall) and the other the Life of Christ (right wall), starting from the end wall, where the altar fresco, painted by Perugino, depicted the Virgin of the Assumption, to whom the chapel was dedicated. The upper order is endowed with pilasters that support the pendentives of the vault. Above the upper cornice are situated the lunettes. Between each window below the lunettes, in fictive niches, run images of the first popes - from Peter to Marc...

This paper needs have 3 fully developed paragraphs. Will upload more Essay

This paper needs have 3 fully developed paragraphs. Will upload more details - Essay Example elf-help book’, Walden, where the author urges the readers to assert their individuality, even if it meant turning down their family’s hopes or expectations of them. He then proceeds to take examples from America’s economic philosophy as well as his personal experiences as a psychiatrist to point out how the goal of self-sufficiency and individual enterprise appears to be very deeply entrenched in the American psyche. He points out how a new piece of legislation (passed around the time of publication of the essay in 1997) in Louisiana that allowed for something called a ‘covenant marriage’ wherein getting divorce would be a more difficult proposition than usual, was not really reflective of traditional American values but the opposite. The fact that the whole school of psychotherapy, as prominently practiced and advanced by personalities like Erik Erikson, Murray Bowen or Carl Rogers, emphasizes ‘enhanced autonomy’, is taken by Kramer to indicate how American society at large valued individual autonomy over what he terms ‘mutuality.’ Kramer’s concludes: ‘Though we profess abhorrence of d ivorce, I suspect that the divorce rate reflects our national values with great exactness.’ To counter this increased dependence on autonomous existence Kramer suggests resetting ‘mutuality’ as a goal worth aspiring for. He cites another school of psychiatry as exemplified by the work of Jean Baker Miller which suggests that finding one’s self does not necessarily have to be an exaggeratedly lonely process. Finding oneself through relating to others was just as satisfying and genuine a process of self-development. Kramer also argues that women have traditionally been considered the more tactful ones and therefore the onus of being the one to compromise in a situation of conflict often falls on them, rather unfairly. This too needs to be changed and expanded to each gender so that the relationship is one of true equality. Kramer makes a strong

Carbon Cap and Trade Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Carbon Cap and Trade - Research Paper Example Watch CO2Â  Now.org, the annual trend of CO2 emission has been on the rise since 1959 when the amount of CO2 emitted to the atmosphere was 315.97 ppm. In 2014, the amount had spiraled to 398.55 ppm. As such many countries have joined in the race to reduce the rate of carbon emission into the atmosphere by enacting environmental policies aimed at cutting down the volume of CO2 released into the atmosphere through human activities and oblige to the Kyoto Protocol. Having gone through an introduction to the state of global CO2 emission, it is prudent to look at policies countries are implementing to reduce the rate of CO2 emission into the atmosphere. This paper focuses on Carbon Cap and Trade as a means of reducing the emissions of CO2 through human activities. Cap and trade refers to an environmental policy mechanism that achieves its mission by imposing mandatory cap on carbon emissions. According to this mechanism, a regulatory body, for example, the federal government, device and puts a cap on the acceptable volumes of emission of a pollutant (CO2) for specified polluters such as manufacturing companies. The overall amount of permissible emissions under the cap is apportioned into single permits. Emission permits are permits that give polluters the right to emit certain ton of CO2 into the atmosphere. Each permit gives the authority to emit a given volume of the pollutant. These permits are then distributed to polluters covered by the program. The cap specifies the maximum amount of tons of carbon that a polluter is allowed to emit. The cap limits the number of permits that can be issued to polluters, thus making the permits financially valuable items that can be bought and sold in an open market. Consequently, companies that are capab le of lowering their emissions at cheaply can sell their surplus permits to companies with high cost of reducing emissions. This approach offers companies the freedom to choose how to meet their emission targets. However, market